It’s midwinter, but it’s over 100 degrees in South America

Discussion in 'Environment & Conservation' started by Melb_muser, Aug 3, 2023.

  1. Melb_muser

    Melb_muser Well-Known Member Donor

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    It’s the middle of winter in South America, but that hasn’t kept the heat away in Chile, Argentina and surrounding locations. Multiple spells of oddly hot weather have roasted the region in recent weeks. The latest spell early this week has become the most intense, pushing the mercury above 100 degrees Fahrenheit, while setting an August record for Chile...

    Parts of Brazil began to bake in mid-July, establishing record highs for the month as temperatures rose to at least 100 degrees (upper 30s Celsius). There was another spell of unusual heat during the third week of the month, which brought a slew of July records to Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay...

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    In Buenos Aires, where the average high on Aug. 1 is 58 degrees (14 Celsius), it surpassed 86 (30 Celsius) on Tuesday....

    ...an “extraordinary winter heatwave” for Chile as the temperature climbed to 101.7 degrees (38.7 Celsius), a national record for August.

    Vicuña and Chiguinto in the central part of Chile, about 230 and 320 miles north of Santiago, respectively, both reached that mark Tuesday.

    Temperatures in the afternoon reached 4o to 45 degrees above normal (22 to 25 Celsius) for the date, and in some cases a bit more. Overnight lows have been exceptionally warm as well, ranging from above freezing in the mountains to as high as the 70s (mid-20s Celsius) in lower elevations...

    ...
    Many locations in Argentina also saw highs of 86 to 95 degrees (30 to 35 Celsius). Buenos Aires set a daily record for the start of August, with its high of 86.2 degrees (30.1 Celsius), which was more than 9 degrees (5 Celsius) above the previous daily record and nearly twice as warm as it normally is on the date.
    [​IMG]

    https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2023/08/02/southamerica-record-winter-heat-argentina-chile/

    __________________________________

    Nope folks, nothing unusual happening here at all....:bye:
     
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  2. Jack Hays

    Jack Hays Well-Known Member Donor

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    Unsurprising to have stronger effects in the southern hemisphere.
    What NASA and the European Space Agency are admitting but the media are failing to report about our current heat wave
    Guest Blogger
    …the Tonga volcano didn’t inject large amounts of aerosols into the stratosphere, and the huge amounts of water vapor from the eruption may have a small, temporary warming effect, since…

    So, why has atmospheric water vapor increased so dramatically? Because of a historic, gigantic volcanic eruption last year that I – probably along with you — had never heard of. The mass media ignored it because it took place 490 feet underwater in the South Pacific. Don’t take it from me, take it from NASA (and please do follow the link to see time lapse satellite imagery of the underwater eruption and subsequent plume of gasses and water injected into the atmosphere). . . .

    [​IMG]

    In the study, published in Geophysical Research Letters, Millán and his colleagues estimate that the Tonga eruption sent around 146 teragrams (1 teragram equals a trillion grams) of water vapor into Earth’s stratosphere – equal to 10% of the water already present in that atmospheric layer. That’s nearly four times the amount of water vapor that scientists estimate the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption in the Philippines lofted into the stratosphere. [emphases added]

    NASA published the above in August 2022. Half a year later, a newer study increased the estimate of the water vapor addition to the atmosphere by 30%. From the European Space Agency:

    In a recent paper published in Nature, a team of scientists showed the unprecedented increase in the global stratospheric water mass by 13% (relative to climatological levels) and a five-fold increase of stratospheric aerosol load – the highest in the last three decades.

    Using a combination of satellite data, including data from ESA’s Aeolus satellite, and ground-based observations, the team found that due to the extreme altitude, the volcanic plume circumnavigated the Earth in just one week and dispersed nearly pole-to-pole in three months. [emphasis added]

    Another scientific paper explains the “net warming of the climate system” on a delayed basis. NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory further explains:

    [​IMG]
    Volcanic eruptions rarely inject much water into the stratosphere. In the 18 years that NASA has been taking measurements, only two other eruptions – the 2008 Kasatochi event in Alaska and the 2015 Calbuco eruption in Chile – sent appreciable amounts of water vapor to such high altitudes. But those were mere blips compared to the Tonga event, and the water vapor from both previous eruptions dissipated quickly. The excess water vapor injected by the Tonga volcano, on the other hand, could remain in the stratosphere for several years.

    This extra water vapor could influence atmospheric chemistry, boosting certain chemical reactions that could temporarily worsen depletion of the ozone layer. It could also influence surface temperatures. Massive volcanic eruptions like Krakatoa and Mount Pinatubo typically cool Earth’s surface by ejecting gases, dust, and ash that reflect sunlight back into space. In contrast, the Tonga volcano didn’t inject large amounts of aerosols into the stratosphere, and the huge amounts of water vapor from the eruption may have a small, temporary warming effect, since water vapor traps heat. The effect would dissipate when the extra water vapor cycles out of the stratosphere [Emphases added]

    So there you have it: we are in for extra atmospheric heat “for several years” until the extra water vapor injected by this largest-ever-recorded underwater volcano eruption dissipates. . . . .
     
  3. Chrizton

    Chrizton Well-Known Member

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    I am sure that this isn't their first el nino. May be their last since we are supposed to be dead in a couple years anyway.
     
  4. Melb_muser

    Melb_muser Well-Known Member Donor

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    Correct. But it a record breaking one.
     
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  5. Melb_muser

    Melb_muser Well-Known Member Donor

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    On promising news, you haven't denied there is a heat-wave.
     
  6. Jack Hays

    Jack Hays Well-Known Member Donor

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    The data are the data. It's a singular event with a singular result.
     
    Last edited: Aug 3, 2023
  7. Melb_muser

    Melb_muser Well-Known Member Donor

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    According to some people data is only data when it is data that they like. Otherwise it's fake data.
     
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  8. kazenatsu

    kazenatsu Well-Known Member Past Donor

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    This is not as extreme for South America as you might think.

    Most of South America lies closer towards the equator than the United States, and South America has a much stronger influence from the ocean during the winter, which keeps temperatures from dropping very low.

    Part of the heat wave in South America has to do with El Ninio weather patterns.

    The average daytime temperature in August (which is like the equivalent of winter for South America) in Brasilia (which is the capital of Brazil) is still 88 °F (31°C).
    Many would consider that hot or very warm.

    The heat wave could also partially be caused by something known as the Foehn effect, with strong moist wind from the ocean in the west being pushed over the mountain range and moving to the east. It's like the reverse effect of a swamp cooler, since the air loses moisture it experiences an overall increase in temperature.
     
    Last edited: Aug 4, 2023
  9. Jack Hays

    Jack Hays Well-Known Member Donor

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    I'm not some people.
     
  10. Melb_muser

    Melb_muser Well-Known Member Donor

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    Bookmarked for future reference.
     
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  11. Jack Hays

    Jack Hays Well-Known Member Donor

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    “O, wad some Power the giftie gie us
    To see oursels as others see us!
    It wad frae monie a blunder free us,
    An' foolish notion.”

    ― Robert Burns
     
  12. Jack Hays

    Jack Hays Well-Known Member Donor

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  13. Jack Hays

    Jack Hays Well-Known Member Donor

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  14. Jack Hays

    Jack Hays Well-Known Member Donor

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    German DWD National Weather Service Declares Near Normal July As “Too Warm, Wet And Sunny”
    By P Gosselin on 4. August 2023

    Share this...
    Comparing July. 2023, data to the up to date 1991-2020 reference period, July in Germany was practically dead normal in terms of temperature, sunshine and precipitation. But that’s not what the DWD national weather service wants the media and public to hear.

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    The latter part of July in Germany was wet and cool, thus putting a damper on a summer that began hot and dry. Symbol image by P. Gosselin

    The early part of July in Germany was hot with lots of sunshine, according to the data from the German DWD National Weather Service, but the weather turned and the latter part was cool and wet, and so ended up making the month near normal.

    July mean temperature close to normal

    “At the beginning of the last third of the month, an unsettled westerly weather situation set in, ushering in a significantly cooler and precipitation-rich period of weather nationwide, reports the DWD in its preliminary July report. “All in all, this year’s July was too warm, wet and sunny.” This is the conclusion drawn by the DWD, based on the data collected from some 2,000 measuring stations across the country and comparing it to an outdated 1961-1990 reference period.

    According to the DWD, the average temperature in July 2023 was 18.7 degrees Celsius (°C), Compared to the 1991 to 2020 reference period, it was 4 tenths of a degree warmer than normal. The high temperature for the month was 38.8 °C recorded on July 15th.

    “Cooler air masses prevailed in the last third of the month. From the 25th to the 27th the highs were only below 20 °C in many places. At night, too, it got chilly in many places,” reports the DWD.

    Wetter than normal, drought alleviated

    July, 2023, was wetter than normal in Germany, with around 100 liters per square meter (l/m²) falling. It was almost 15 per cent more than the mean of the 1991 to 2020 reference period (87 l/m²). “This alleviated the previous extreme dryness in the extreme north as well as in the south and southwest. The Bavarian Alps, along with the North Sea coast, were among the wettest regions with over 200 l/m².”

    Normal sunshine

    With a 230 hours of sunshine, July was normal. The mean of the 1991 to 2020 reference period is 225 hours of sunshine. The eastern parts of the country reported the most sunshine hours (>250 hours).

    Finishing with the least sunshine (around 200 hours) were the Alps, the western low mountain ranges and large parts of the northwest.

    10% less sunshine in the 1960s, 70s and 80s

    The mean amount of sunshine in July during the back-to-the-ice-age days of the 1961 to 1990 reference period in Germany was only 211 hours, which in part explains why the period was cooler. Today, July in Germany sees about 10% more sunshine, so little wonder the mean July temperature is up a degree or two since the 1970s.
     
  15. Jack Hays

    Jack Hays Well-Known Member Donor

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  16. Bowerbird

    Bowerbird Well-Known Member

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    Then why is this not affecting Australia? We have been freezing out patooties off in QUEENSLAND!
     
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  17. Melb_muser

    Melb_muser Well-Known Member Donor

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    "What would the world be, once bereft
    Of wet and of wildness? Let them be left,
    O let them be left, wildness and wet;
    Long live the weeds and the wilderness yet."
     
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  18. Jack Hays

    Jack Hays Well-Known Member Donor

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    The climate system is a coupled non-linear chaotic system, so there will be uneven outcomes.
     
  19. Jack Hays

    Jack Hays Well-Known Member Donor

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    No one disagrees.
     
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  20. Bowerbird

    Bowerbird Well-Known Member

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    You said “Southern hemisphere!
     
  21. Jack Hays

    Jack Hays Well-Known Member Donor

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    Yes, "stronger effects in the southern hemisphere" but not equal effects everywhere in the southern hemisphere.
     
  22. bringiton

    bringiton Well-Known Member

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    The sun has been extremely active this year, astonishing astrophysicists, who almost unanimously predicted a quiet solar cycle.
     
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  23. Jack Hays

    Jack Hays Well-Known Member Donor

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