There are multiple forms of contempt of congress. The form used today, where Congress goes through the federal courts and DOJ, civil contempt, or statutory contempt respectfully. Inherent contempt is when Congress directly arrests a person, using the Sergeant-At-Arms of one ofthe houses, and that person is held in the custody of the Capital Police, until such time as... 1; A federal court rules that their arrest was not legal, and orders the person released 2; Congress chooses to let them go.... 3; They agree to testify. Congress would sometimes also levy fines against people held for inherent contempt. SCOTUS ruled that inherent contempt was constitutional, because Congress has the legal authority to enforce their own orders and subpoenas, and that the President can not oardon inherent contempt the way he could charges from the DOJ in a statutory contempt case. So, if Congresses wishes to get people to cooperate, they should bring back this police and start placing people under arrest.
